They also needed an alternative to conventional X-rays. In a clinical linac, X-ray photons are produced by dumping high-energy electrons into a bremsstrahlung target, which is made of a material with a high atomic number, like tungsten or copper. The target slows the electrons, converting their kinetic energy into X-ray photons. It’s an inherently inefficient process that wastes most of the beam power as heat and makes it extremely difficult to reach the ultrahigh dose rates required for FLASH. High-energy electrons, by contrast, can be switched on and off within milliseconds. And because they have a charge and can be steered by magnets, electrons can be precisely guided to reach tumors deep within the body. (Researchers are also investigating protons and carbon ions; see the sidebar, “What’s the Best Particle for FLASH Therapy?”)
Israeli military says it killed head of Hezbollah's intelligence headquarters
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伊朗内部人士称，伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队此次无视改革派的疑虑，强行推动由穆杰塔巴出任新最高领袖，理由是认为他更为顺从，将支持他们的强硬路线。这可能意味着伊朗在未来在重大决策上，革命卫队恐将握有最终决定权。
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