Ithkuil does not have nouns or verbs, but rather “formatives,” which inhabit a spectrum between noun-like object and verb-like process. The five evidentials of Tuyuca are no match for Ithkuil’s exacting requirements to specify between nine different types of “Validation” denoting the evidential basis of an assertion, or between eight other types of “Illocution” indicating what other kind of speech act the sentence represents, and much more besides. Quijada provides an example, with references to the relevant grammatical categories: “merely saying (or thinking) that it’s raining outside would require a hypothetical Ithkuil speaker to consider the evidential source of the information (direct observation? hearsay? inference?) and its reliability (Validation), the pattern and timing of the raindrops (Phase), the purpose/intent of the utterance (Sanction), whether the rainfall is being considered as a gestalt versus a sequence of discrete componential events (Configuration), whether the context of the thought/utterance is descriptive, purposefully important, metaphorical, or a component of a holistic situation (Context), and so on.”
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meaning each value is defined immutability and exactly once. This also means
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